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Spatial Dependence in the Hedge Fund Returns

  • Joung Keun Cho Institutional Advisory to QCAM Currency Asset Management AG U.S. Tax Advisory to Sellymon.com Assistant Professor of Finance, School of Business, Seokyeong University
Barclays Hedge Fund ½ºÅ¸ÀÏ Áö¼öÀÇ 2008 ³â 1 ¿ùºÎÅÍ 2018 ³â 12 ¿ù±îÁö ¿ù°£ÀÚ·á ºÐ¼®À» ÅëÇØ, ´ç¿ù ÇìÁöÆÝµå ¼öÀÍ·ü¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ú°Å ¼öÀÍ·üÀÇ °ø°£Àû ÀÇÁ¸¼ºÀ» È®ÀÎÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±âÁ¸ ÃÖ¼ÒÀڽ¹ý (OLS)°ú Arbitrage Pricing Theory ¿¡ ±âÃÊÇÑ ÀüÅëÀû ÇìÁöÆÝµå ¼º°úºÐ¼®¹æ¹ý·Ð¿¡¼­´Â ´Ù·çÁö ¾ÊÀº ½Ã°è¿­µ¥ÀÌÅÍÀÇ °ø°£ÀÇÁ¸¼ºÀ̶õ ÁÖ°¡Áö¼ö¸¦ °æµµ·Î, ³»À纯µ¿»óÁö¼ö¸¦ À§µµ·Î µÎ°í °¡»óÀÇ ÅõÀÚ¼öÀÍ-À§ÇèÀÇ Áöµµ¸¦ ÀÛ¼ºÇÑ´Ù¸é, ÇöÀç ½ÃÁ¡ÀÇ ÅõÀÚÀÚ°¡ ´ç¿ù¿¡ ¿¹ÃøÇÒ ¼ö Àִ ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ½ºÅ¸ÀÏÀÇ ÇìÁöÆÝµå ¼öÀÍ·üÀº ´ç¿ù¿¡ ½ÇÇöµÈ ÅõÀÚ¼öÀÍ-À§ÇèÀÇ À§°æµµ»ó ÁöÇ¥¿¡¼­ °¡±î¿î °Å¸®¿¡¼­ ½ÇÇöµÈ ¿ª»çÀû ¼öÀÍ·ü°ú´Â ¸Å¿ì ³ôÀº ÀÚ±â»ó°üÀ» °¡Áö´Â Çö»óÀ» ¼³¸íÇÔÀ¸·Î½á W. Tobler(1970)ÀÇ Áö¸®ÇÐ Á¦ 1 ¹ýÄ¢, ¡°All things are related, but closer things are more related (¸ðµç °ÍÀº ´Ù¸¥ ¸ðµç °Í°ú °ü·ÃµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸³ª, °¡±î¿î °ÍÀº ¸Õ °Íº¸´Ù ´õ °ü°è°¡ ±í´Ù)¡±ÀÇ Àû¿ëÀ» °¡´ÉÇϵµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù. ºÐ¼®À» ÅëÇØ Equity Long-Short, Equity Long-Bias, Event-Driven Arbitrage, Convertible Arbitrage, Fixed-Income Arbitrage, Distressed Securities, Multi-Strategies ¹× Commodity Trading Advisors µî Barclays ÇìÁöÆÝµå ½ºÅ¸ÀÏÁö¼öÀÇ ¿ù°£ ¼öÀÍ·ü µ¥ÀÌÅÍ´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °ø°£ÀÇÁ¸¼ºÀ» ³»ÀçÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î È®ÀεǾú´Ù. ±ÝÀ¶ ½Ã°è¿­ µ¥ÀÌÅÍÀÇ °ø°£ÀÇÁ¸¼ºÀº ¿ù°£ µ¥ÀÌÅÍÀÇ °ø°£Àû ÀÚ±â»ó°ü (Spatial Autocorrelation), °ø°£Àû À̺л꼺 (Spatial Heteroscedasticity) ¹× À̵éÀÇ »óÈ£ÀûÀÎ ¿µÇâÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. º» ¿¬±¸´Â ½Ã°è¿­ °ø°£ÀÇÁ¸¼ºÀ» ÇؼÒÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î 1 Â÷ÀûÀ¸·Î Spatial Lag Model (SLM)°ú Spatial Error Model (SEM)À» È°¿ëÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ƯÈ÷ °ø°£º¯¼öÀÇ µµÀÔ¸¸À¸·Î ÇؼҵÇÁö ¾Ê´Â ±ÝÀ¶½Ã°è¿­ µ¥ÀÌÅÍ¿¡ ÀÜÁ¸ÇÏ´Â °ø°£ÀÇÁ¸¼ºÀ» Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) ¹æ¹ý·Ð¿¡ µû¸¥ Spatial Two Stage Least Squares (S2SLS) ¸ðÇüÀ» ÅëÇØ »ó´çºÎºÐ ÇؼҰ¡ °¡´ÉÇÔÀ» È®ÀÎÇß´Ù. °ø°£°è·®°æÁ¦ÇÐÀû ¹æ¹ý·ÐÀ» ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ ±¹³»¿Ü¿¡ ¹°ÀǸ¦ ºúÀ¸¸ç ¿î¿ëÀ» Áß´ÜÇÏ°í ÇöÀç ¹Ì±¹ Áõ±Ç°¨µ¶±¹ (SEC)ÀÇ °¨»ç¸¦ ¹Þ°í ÀÖ´Â ÇÑ »ç¸ð´ëÃâÆݵåÀÇ ¼öÀÍ·ü µ¥ÀÌÅÍ¿¡ Àû¿ëÇÏ¿©, »çÀü Due Diligence ¸¦ ÅëÇØ ±Ã±ØÀûÀ¸·Î ¹®Á¦¼ºÀÌ ³»ÀçÇÑ Æݵ带 °¡·Á³¾ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °¡´É¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÁúÀû ¹× °è·®ÀûÀÎ ºÐ¼®À» Àû¿ëÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±Ù°Å´Â ÇØ´ç »ç¸ð´ëÃâÆݵå´Â ´ëÃâÀÚ»êÀÇ ½Ã°¡Æò°¡ (Marking-to-Market)¸¦ ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ÇìÁöÆÝµå ¿î¿ë»çÀÇ ÁÖ°üÀûÀÎ ÆÇ´Ü¿¡ µû¸¥ ÀÎÀ§ÀûÀÎ ¼öÀÍ·ü Smoothing À¸·Î ¿ù°£ ¼öÀÍ·ü µ¥ÀÌÅÍÀÇ °ø°£Àû ÀÚ±â»ó°ü°ú À̺л꼺ÀÌ Àß ¼³¸íµÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸®¶ó´Â ÆÇ´Ü¿¡ µû¸¥ °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¡°Once the track record seems too good to be true, it probably is not, at least within the hedge fund domains¡± À̶ó´Â ÀáÁ¤Àû °á·Ð¿¡ µµ´ÞÇÒ Á¤µµ·Î ±âÁ¸ÀÇ Á¤ÇüÈ­µÈ ¹æ¹ý·Ð ¹× °ø°£ÀÇÁ¸¼ºÀ» °í·ÁÇÑ ¹æ¹ý·ÐÀ¸·Îµµ Çؼ³ÀÌ µÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. °á±¹, °ø°£ÀÇÁ¸¼ºÀÌ ÇÊ¿¬ÀûÀ¸·Î Á¸ÀçÇÒ ¼ö¹Û¿¡ ¾ø´Â ¿î¿ëÀü·«¿¡ °ø°£ÀÇÁ¸¼ºÀ» ¼³¸íÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý·ÐÀÌ Àû¿ëµÉ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù¸é ÇØ´ç ¸Å´ÏÀúÀÇ ¿î¿ë¼öÀÍ·ü µ¥ÀÌÅÍ´Â ¿î¿ëÀü·«ÀÇ ÁúÀû ºÐ¼®ºÎÅÍ ´Ù½Ã ½ÃÀÛÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â ÆÇ´ÜÀÌ´Ù.

±Û·Î¹ú ÇìÁö ÆÝµå ¼öÀÍ·üÀÇ °ø°£ÀÇÁ¸¼º ¿¬±¸

  • Joung Keun Cho
We apply an exploratory spatial data analysis framework for integrating the time series of hedge fund returns to its neighborhood, mapping, and local analysis for the feasible spatial modeling. By comparing the classic risk factor analysis of hedge fund performance of ordinary least squares regression with spatial autoregressive models, we investigate each model¡¯s respective ability to produce fair estimates of risk-premiums per hedge fund styles. The time series analysis of hedge fund returns from the Barclays Hedge indicates that, for some of the sub-investment styles such as equity long-short, equity long-bias, event-driven arbitrage, convertible arbitrage, fixed-income arbitrage, distressed securities, multi-strategies, and commodity trading advisors, the spatial autoregressive modeling may provide consistent estimates of factor risk-premiums by correcting spatial dependence through the measure of endogeneity of implied volatilities. The spatial specification employed here includes spatial lag (SLM) and spatial error (SEM) models and also applied to a relatively short time series of a failed credit hedge fund previously marketed its vanishingly rare talent of return predictability and consistency. Both SLM and SEM models used to explore some practical implications in an ad hoc screening through the missing spatial autoregressive heterogeneity in the ordinary least squares approach.
Spatial Dependence,Spatial Lag,Spatial Error,Hedge Fund Performance Attribution